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  Water Quality

  Since the introduction of federal clean water legislation over 30 years ago, the U.S. has realized significant gains in controlling water pollution. Having limited discharges from many conventional sources such as factories and treatment plants, water resource managers have turned their attention to more complex and poorly understood types of pollution. These sources include agricultural runoff, combined sewer overflows, stormwater runoff, hydropower facilities, and other less obvious sources of stress on aquatic environments. Careful analysis and innovative policies are needed to address these new and emerging water quality issues. IEc offers clients the multidisciplinary expertise needed to assess the tradeoffs involved with water protection options and to craft creative and cost-effective water protection programs. IEc’s services span several areas, including water benefits analysis, cost and economic impact analysis, support of major rulemakings, and design of innovative policy mechanisms.